Cassava starch processing operations

Cassava starch processing operations
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Traditionally, wet cassava starch is produced by cassava processors either as a direct product or as a by-product resulting from cassava processing into other products such as Gari, Fufu, etc.  One of the factors responsible for the high post-harvest loss for cassava is the inadequacy of the traditional processing method to convert cassava into less perishable products such as cassava starch.
cassava starch processing machine

Cassava starch processing machine

To address this issue and make cassava starch readily available in the form useful in the industries the Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi (FIIRO) has developed and perfected the process technology for production of cassava starch useful for various applications in the user industries. In Nigeria, the prospect for mechanical cassava processing is very high.
 
MARKET INFORMATION
There is high demand for cassava starch in Nigeria. User industries include textile, pharmaceuticals, oil drilling, paper and packaging, gum and adhesives, chemical and household products manufacturing, battery, drinks and beverages, foods and so on.  The desire to conserve foreign exchange and reduce import dependency is the driving force for demand for cassava starch especially as regards its partial substitution for corn starch in user industries.  The national demand for cassava starch is in excess of 350,000 tons/annum.  The current domestic production capacity to meet the estimated demand for cassava starch is less than 20 per cent. The current price/ton of cassava starch ranges between N150, 000.00 – N180, 000.00.
RAW MATERIALS
The only raw material for production of cassava starch is fresh cassava root. Cassava is grown in virtually all the thirty-six (36) states in Nigeria and Nigeria has been rated the highest producer of cassava in the world with production estimate of about 40 million metric tons. This implies that sourcing cassava for the proposed project will not be a difficult thing.
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
The major equipment for cassava starch processing are:
– Hammer Mill Grater
– Starch Extractor
– Sedimentation Tank
– Homogenizer
– Hydraulic Press
– Granulator
– Flash Dryer
– Hammer Mill with Cyclone
– Packaging Machine
 
These machinery and equipment are fabricated at FIIRO and can be fabricated and delivered within eight weeks of commissioning. The cost, however, depends on the capacity which could vary from 2-5 tons per day.
 
PRODUCTION PROCESS
cassava processing line
Cassava starch processing plant
 
The basic processes involved in the production of cassava starch from cassava roots are:
Sorting: The roots are sorted to select wholesome roots for processing.
Weighing: The sorted roots are weighed.
Peeling: The roots are peeled to remove the peels.
Grating: The peeled roots are grated to produce a smooth mash.
Extracting: The mash is discharged into a starch extractor to extract the starch.
Sedimentation: The starch milk is allowed to settle forming two layers i.e. the top free supernatant liquid and the thick starch slurry.
Dewatering: The supernatant layer of liquid is removed by siphoning off the liquid with rubber hose and the thick slurry obtained is dewatered to reduce its moisture content.
Granulating: The “cake” is mechanically reduced in size to produce fine granules of greater surface area.
The granulated cake is mechanically dried in a mechanical dryer to reduce its moisture content to about 8 – 10 per cent.
Milling: The dried product is milled to desired particle size (if necessary).
Packaging: The starch is packaged appropriately.

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